US Policy Agendas Project · 25 series

Data domains

One topic system across every venue of American politics, ordered the way Baumgartner and Jones read the policy process: from the signals that reach the system, through the institutions that take them up, to the decisions and dollars at the end. Friction rises at every step.

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Progressive friction

Why the domains below are in this order, and not alphabetical.

The idea

A signal — a problem worsening, a story breaking, the public naming something as the country's most important problem — does not travel through government unimpeded. Every step charges a toll: someone has to notice it, an institution has to give it scarce agenda space ahead of everything else competing for the same slot, a majority has to be assembled, and a veto player has to decline to use the veto. Those costs are friction, and they accumulate the further along the process you go.

What it does to the data

Friction does not simply slow change down; it changes the shape of it. Where friction is low, attention tracks the signal more or less proportionally, and period-to-period change looks roughly normal. Where friction is high, pressure builds against the cost of acting until it overcomes it, and then the response arrives all at once. So the same underlying signal produces long stretches of almost nothing punctuated by lurches — a distribution with a far taller peak and much fatter tails than a bell curve.

Why the order matters

This is the claim that makes the domains a sequence rather than a list. Read left to right, the series below run from the least costly venue to the most: press coverage and public attention, then hearings, bills and platforms, then rulings and dollars. The prediction is that the punctuation gets sharper at every step — and it is testable in exactly these files. The agenda trends tool sets eight of them side by side on one topic system, so the sequence can be read as a measurement rather than taken on trust.

Illustrative — shapes drawn from theory, not fitted to these series
Inputs
press, public, search
Agenda
hearings, bills, platforms
Outputs
rulings, budgets
low frictionhigh friction
What this is: a drawing of the prediction, so you can see what it claims. Each curve comes from the same family, exp(−|x/a|b), with only the shape parameter moving; all three share one vertical scale and each is normalized to equal area, so the peak grows only because the shoulders empty out. What it is not: a measurement. Nothing here is fitted to the series below. The empirical result being depicted — kurtosis rising from inputs to outputs — is Jones, Sulkin and Larsen (2003) and Jones and Baumgartner (2005), and it is testable in the files on this page.
STAGE I

Inputs

Signals arriving at the political system — what the press covers, which social groups appear in that coverage, what the public searches for and names as the country's most important problem. Friction is lowest here: attention shifts continuously, in proportion to the signal.

STAGE II

Agenda & processing

Where institutions take those signals up — party platforms, congressional hearings and bills, the presidential agenda. Friction rises: issues now compete for scarce institutional attention, and most of them lose.

STAGE III

Outputs & outcomes

Authoritative decisions and the resources behind them — Supreme Court rulings and the federal budget. Friction is highest: change arrives late and, when it arrives, it arrives in lurches.